KMP本身不是特别难理解，但计算next数组的函数实现起来可能不太好理解。
借助DFA，或许会让一些还没弄明白KMP的同学加深一下理解，说不定瞬间就通透了。
另外，DFA实现起来也更容易，但是相比传统的KMP，自动机实现的KMP效率要低许多。

先占个坑，代码先放一下，有空再来更新，实在是没时间写

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>

using namespace std;
int dfa[3][256];

void BuildDFA(char* p) {
    dfa[0][p[0]] = 1;
    int x = 0;
    
    for(int i=1; i < 3; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
            if(p[i] == j) {
                dfa[i][j] = i + 1;
            } else {
                dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];
            }
        }
        x = dfa[x][p[i]];
    }
}

int DFA_KMP(char* s, char* p) {
    int s_length = strlen(s);
    int p_length = strlen(p);
    
    BuildDFA(p);

    int j = 0;
    for(int i=0; i < s_length; i++) {
        j = dfa[j][s[i]];
        if(j == p_length) return i - p_length + 1;
    }
    return -1;
}



void get_next(const char *p, int *next) {

    next[0] = -1;
    int i = 0;
    int j = -1;
   
    while (i < (strlen(p) - 1)) {
        if ((j == -1) || (p[i] == p[j])) {
            ++ i;
            ++ j;

            next[i] = j;
        }
        else {
            j = next[j];
        }
    }
}

int kmp(char *t, char *p) {
    if ((t == NULL) || (p == NULL)) {
        return -1;
    }

    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    int t_len = strlen(t);
    int p_len = strlen(p);

    int *next = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*(p_len));
    get_next(p, next);

    while ((i < t_len) && (j < p_len)) {
        if ((j == -1) || (t[i] == p[j])) {
            ++ i;
            ++ j;
        }
        else {
            j = next[j];
        }
    }

    if (next != NULL) {
        free(next);
        next = NULL;
    }

    if (j == p_len) {
        return (i - p_len);
    }
    else {
        return -1;
    }
}

int main() {
    char* s = "abcdbcdda";
    char* p = "cdd";
    
    clock_t start1, end1;
    clock_t start2, end2;
    
    int n = 10000;
    
    start1 = clock();
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        DFA_KMP(s, p);
    end1 = clock();
    
    start2 = clock();
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        kmp(s, p);
    end2 = clock();
 
      cout << "DFA:" << (double)(end1 - start1) << endl
      << "Common:" << (double)(end2 - start2);
    return 0;
}